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A Labour government is keen to strengthen ties with the European Union on common interests but will rule out rejoining the single market, customs union or adopting free movement.

Keir Starmer favours a “twin-track strategy” to build closer trade and security ties with the EU if Labour wins the general election, senior party officials told the Financial Times, but will not cross the three Brexit “red lines”. Now, debate is “raging” on what this new deal might look like.

At the moment, “Brexit barely figures on voters’ lists of pressing concerns, with inflation and the economy at the top”, said The Guardian. But with a recent poll finding that 60% of Britons would now vote to rejoin the EU, Brexit “is likely to be a recurring – and potentially fraught – feature of a Starmer premiership”. 

What is Labour’s position on Brexit?

Starmer crafted Labour’s fudge to offer a second Brexit referendum in the run-up to the 2019 general election. But since taking over as party leader in April 2020 he has repeatedly ruled out rejoining the single market or the customs union or adopting free movement.

These three Brexit “red lines” will form the basis of Labour’s manifesto pledge on Europe, and give Starmer “political cover for a lower-profile pursuit of co-operation in a range of areas”, said the FT.

In truth, the party has left the “door ajar to moving towards a somewhat closer relationship with the single market”, said the UK in a Changing Europe think tank. Possibilities have been raised including mutual recognition of professional qualifications, the introduction of a mobility scheme and minimising regulatory divergence.

Is Labour’s position changing? 

Labour’s top team have recently begun talking about improving the UK-EU relationship, with Starmer and shadow foreign secretary David Lammy making a series of visits to EU officials in recent months. They are “keen to create softer mood music”, said The Guardian.

Russia’s war in Ukraine is making the need for a security agreement between the UK and EU “more pressing”, said Politico.

“It’s absolutely fundamental that the United Kingdom and Europe have the closest of relationships and the Brexit era is over, the situation is settled,” Lammy told the Munich Security Conference last month.

It is “bizarre” that the UK has “far less political contact with the EU than the Chinese or the Canadians”, Anand Menon, director of UK in a Changing Europe, told The Guardian. “That is just weird. So I think that’s a bit of a no-brainer.”

Some Labour insiders are hopeful that regular discussions on security could embrace “broader issues”, such as energy, supply chains and migration, said the paper.

What are the criticisms of Labour’s position?

Starmer is facing a difficult balancing act. He must not scare off Brexit-backing supporters in northern “Red Wall” seats by appearing to soften Labour’s stance on rejoining the EU or freedom of movement. But he also has to contend with a significant proportion of voters who, as recent polls suggest, desire closer cooperation with and even re-entry to the EU. 

London’s Labour mayor Sadiq Khan said he found it “frustrating” that Labour had vowed to “respect” the referendum vote. The “bad news” is that it will take “at least a decade before we can even talk about another referendum”, he told La Repubblica.

But Labour peer Peter Mandelson believes there is no desire from UK voters to relive the Brexit wars of the past decade. “I cannot see the British people running towards [a referendum] for love nor money after what we went through during the last one,” the former EU trade commissioner told a British Chambers of Commerce event last month. 

Brussels, too, wants a more “stable, constructive relationship” with the UK but has no desire for wholesale negotiation of the country’s return, he said. “Reopen a negotiation? You’ve got to be joking!” said The Guardian.

Ultimately, the “soft-Remainer view” that Starmer might be able to negotiate a “superior, closer deal with the EU while remaining outside the single market, is deluded”, said Sherelle Jacobs, assistant comment editor of The Telegraph.

“When it comes to ‘The B Word’, British politics has become gripped by a kind of ‘violence of silence’,” she said. Politicians and voters alike are “reluctant to confront the fallout from the country’s mangled, halfway situation”.

“At some point we need to be honest with ourselves,” she concluded. “If, as a nation, we are unwilling to maximally benefit from Brexit by leveraging our freedom, then we should decisively minimise our losses and re-enter the security of the EU fold.”